What is the mechanism by which Artesunate (ART) induces apoptosis in cancer cells?

Label:chem

Topic
Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a critical process in controlling cancer cell proliferation. ART has been shown to induce apoptosis in various cancer cell lines.
Answer
ART induces apoptosis by downregulating anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, while upregulating pro-apoptotic proteins like Bax and caspase-3. It also promotes the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, leading to the activation of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Additionally, ART can induce apoptosis through the activation of the ATF4/CHOP/CHAC1 pathway, which is involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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