What is the effect of swainsonine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis in the intestinal microbiota?

Label:chem

Topic
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and can trigger systemic inflammation when it enters the bloodstream. The biosynthesis of LPS in the intestinal microbiota can be influenced by various factors, including dietary components and toxins.

From: "Increased intestinal permeability and lipopolysaccharide contribute to swainsonine-induced systemic inflammation", Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Volume 284, 1 October 2024, 116912
Answer
Swainsonine significantly increases the abundance of LPS biosynthetic genes in the intestinal microbiota of mice. This increase in LPS biosynthesis leads to higher levels of free-form LPS in the serum and liver, which can induce systemic inflammation by stimulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and causing oxidative stress.
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