How does the reaction temperature affect the formation of azo adducts with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (DMAB)?

Label:chem

Topic
The study investigates the effect of temperature on the coupling reaction between diazotized cephalosporins and DMAB. Temperature is a critical parameter that can influence the rate and efficiency of the reaction.

From: "Novel spectrophotometric determinations of some cephalosporins following azo dye formation with p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde", Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 9, Supplement 2, November 2016, Pages S1272-S1282
Answer
Elevated temperatures were required for optimal coupling reactions. For ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, the optimal temperature was 50°C, while for ceftazidime, cefixime, and cefuroxime, it was 60°C. Higher temperatures increased the reaction rate and absorbance values, but temperatures beyond the optimal range led to thermal decomposition of the azo adducts, resulting in decreased absorbance.
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