How was the study designed to minimize bias in the analysis of melatonin use and cataract risk?

Label:chem

Topic
The study used a target trial emulation design and propensity score matching (PSM) to control for baseline characteristics and reduce potential confounding bias.

From: "Association Between Melatonin Use and Cataract Risk: A Target Trial Emulation Retrospective Cohort Study", Antioxidants 2025, 14(8), 1016;
Answer
The study used a target trial emulation design and matched participants based on age, race, gender, BMI, comorbidities, and medications using PSM. This helped to balance baseline characteristics and minimize selection and immortal time bias.
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