What are the current methods for the production of Diethyl oxalate (DEO), and what are their limitations?

Label:chem

Topic
Currently, the production of DEO is achieved through acid-alcohol esterification between oxalic acid and ethanol, which is catalyzed by inorganic acid catalysts. Laboratory research methods for synthesizing DEO include the catalytic CO coupling reaction and the transesterification method.
Answer
The acid-alcohol esterification method using inorganic acid catalysts has limitations such as catalyst poisoning, inactivation, and difficulty in separation. The catalytic CO coupling reaction, whether in liquid or gas phase, faces challenges including the use of expensive noble metal catalysts, the production of environmental pollutants, and the need for high-pressure and corrosion-resistant equipment, which increases costs.
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