How do FIP and IMID affect marine organisms?

The ecotoxicological impact of FIP and IMID was assessed using marine species (algae, copepods, and mussels) to understand their effects on different trophic levels.

FIP and IMID impaired the mobility of copepods (Acartia tonsa) at concentrations as low as 0.003 μg L⁻¹, with EC10 and EC20 values of 1.7 μg L⁻¹ and 2.8 μg L⁻¹ for FIP, and 2.59 μg L⁻¹ and 7.6 μg L⁻¹ for IMID. In mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis), FIP and IMID caused significant lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the digestive glands and gills, indicating oxidative stress. IMID also increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the digestive glands at concentrations between 0.5 and 5.0 μg L⁻¹.