How does acetylation affect the cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of natural triterpenes?

Label:chem

Topic
Triterpenes are natural compounds with significant biological and pharmacological properties, including anticancer and antioxidant activities. Acetylation is a chemical modification that involves the addition of an acetyl group to a molecule, which can alter its properties and interactions.
Answer
Acetylation significantly enhances the cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of natural triterpenes. For instance, acetyloleanolic acid (1b) and acetylbetulinic acid (4b) showed very high cytotoxicity towards tested cancer cell lines, with IC50 values in the micromolar or submicromolar range. This is a substantial improvement over their unmodified forms (1a and 4a). Additionally, antioxidant tests using the CUPRAC and DPPH methods revealed that acetylated triterpenes have different abilities to neutralize free radicals, which may result from differences in their mechanisms of action depending on their chemical structure.
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