How does SSF activate the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway, and what is the role of isoquercitrin?

Label:chem

Topic
The NF-κB pathway is critical for immune regulation, and SSF is proposed to enhance immunity via this mechanism.
Answer
The flavonoid extract of Senecio scandens (SSF) activates the TLR/MyD88/NF-κB pathway by inducing phosphorylation of IKKα/β, IκBα, and NF-κB p65. Isoquercitrin (quercetin-3β-D-glucoside) was identified as the most potent flavonoid, exhibiting the strongest NF-κB activation at 50 μM in a luciferase reporter assay.
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