What is the role of L-pyroglutamic acid in the biosynthesis of trichothecenes and phenylpropanoids in F. graminearum?

Label:chem

Topic
F. graminearum is a significant cereal pathogen that produces type B trichothecenes, which are harmful mycotoxins. L-pyroglutamic acid has been identified as a potential resistance-related metabolite in barley against toxigenic Fusaria. A study investigates the impact of L-pyroglutamic acid on the secondary metabolism of F. graminearum, specifically its effects on trichothecene and phenylpropanoid production.
Answer
L-pyroglutamic acid inhibits the biosynthesis of trichothecenes at the transcriptional level by downregulating the expression of Tri genes (Tri4, Tri5, and Tri10). It also affects phenylpropanoid production, decreasing the accumulation of most phenolic acids and flavonoids at lower concentrations (100 and 400 µg/g), while higher concentrations (800 µg/g) induce the biosynthesis of certain flavonoids like quercetin, apigenin, luteolin, and kaempferol.
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