What changes in elemental composition are observed in CIGS films after recrystallization with indium bromide?

Label:chem

Topic
The elemental composition of CIGS films is crucial for their photovoltaic performance. Changes in the composition, particularly of elements like gallium (Ga) and copper (Cu), can significantly impact the material's properties.
Answer
Recrystallization with indium bromide (InBr3) leads to notable changes in the elemental composition of CIGS films. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show a decrease in the Ga/III ratio from 0.24 to 0.05 and an increase in the indium content, making the films more copper-poor. This suggests that indium is added to the films during the InBr3 vapor treatment. Additionally, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) reveals a significant decrease in gallium concentration at the surface and throughout the film depth, accompanied by an increase in oxygen content, likely due to the hygroscopic nature of InBr3.
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