How do probiotics reduce uric acid levels in humans?

Label:chem

Topic
Probiotics are live microorganisms that can modulate gut microbiota and have been proposed as a potential therapeutic for hyperuricemia.
Answer
Probiotics reduce uric acid levels by modulating urate metabolism, enhancing the expression of uric acid transporters, promoting intestinal excretion of uric acid, and decreasing inflammatory markers such as IL-1β and LPS. Specific strains like Lactobacillus johnsonii YH1136 inhibit hepatic xanthine oxidase (XOD), a key enzyme in uric acid production.
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