What are the molecular mechanisms by which vitamin D affects muscle health?

Label:chem

Topic
Vitamin D exerts its effects via vitamin D receptors (VDRs) in muscle cells, influencing gene expression and signaling pathways.
Answer
Vitamin D binds to VDRs, forming a heterodimer with RXR, which translocates to the nucleus and regulates genes related to muscle cell proliferation, differentiation, and metabolism. Non-genomic pathways involve modulation of MAPK, PI3K/Akt, and PKC signaling, enhancing muscle excitability, insulin sensitivity, and antioxidant defenses.
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