What are the effects of THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) on bone healing?

Label:chem

Topic
THC is the primary psychoactive cannabinoid, acting as a partial agonist at both CB1 and CB2 receptors.
Answer
Chronic or high-dose THC exposure slows chondrocyte hypertrophy, decreases mesenchymal-stromal-cell mineralization, and correlates with 6–10% lower bone mineral density and a 1.8–3.6-fold higher pseudarthrosis or revision risk. Short-course or low-dose THC appears skeletal neutral.
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