What are the primary antioxidant mechanisms of Ergothioneine (ERG)?

Label:chem

Topic
Ergothioneine (ERG) is a naturally occurring antioxidant that provides significant cellular protection. Its antioxidant properties have been confirmed by numerous studies.
Answer
The antioxidant properties of Ergothioneine (ERG) can be categorized into four primary mechanisms:

Reducing the concentration of hydroxyl radicals (-OH) and removing hypochlorous acid (CIO) and nitrite, which inhibits the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and singlet oxygen.

Activating or inhibiting endogenous antioxidant enzymes, thereby enhancing cellular antioxidant capacity.

Chelating with various bivalent metal cations (Cu2+, Zn2+, Co2+) to form non-redox active complexes, which inhibits ROS formation and protects DNA and proteins from metal-induced oxidative damage.

Influencing the oxidation of heme proteins to prevent lipid peroxidation, such as by inhibiting myoglobin oxidation.
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