What limitations were identified in the clinical trials evaluating nicotine therapy for PD?

Label:chem

Topic
The five included RCTs varied in design, nicotine formulation (transdermal patches, oral capsules, dietary sources), dose (20 µg/day to 90 mg/day), disease stage (Hoehn & Yahr I–IV), and outcome measures.
Answer
Small sample sizes, heterogeneous populations and interventions, and lack of blinding in some studies introduced substantial heterogeneity (I² up to 89%), limiting the statistical power and generalizability of the findings.
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