What were the findings of the meta-analysis regarding nicotine's effect on motor symptoms in PD patients?

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Topic
Five randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 346 participants were analyzed to evaluate nicotine therapy's impact on motor outcomes using UPDRS Part III or total UPDRS scores.
Answer
Pooled standardized mean differences showed no significant improvement in motor symptoms either short-term (SMD = –0.452, 95% CI –1.612 to 0.708) or long-term (SMD = 0.174, 95% CI –0.438 to 0.787), with substantial inter-study heterogeneity (I² = 89% and 68%, respectively).
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