What is the role of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) in causing oxidative stress and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract?

Label:chem

Topic
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is a by-product of the chlorination process used in water purification and is known to cause oxidative stress and inflammation, leading to organ damage. This study investigates the effects of TCA on the stomach and intestine of rats, focusing on oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory markers.
Answer
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) induces oxidative stress and inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract by increasing lipid peroxidation (measured by MDA levels) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, while decreasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). TCA also upregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β, and activates the NF-κB signaling pathway, which further promotes inflammation. These effects lead to significant histopathological changes, including disruption of the gastric pit, derangement of surface epithelium, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the stomach and intestine.
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