How does the proton gradient drive the transport of hydroxylamine (HA) in the polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) process?

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Topic
In the PIM process, a driving force is required to transport hydroxylamine (HA) from the feed phase to the stripping phase. The study investigates the role of the proton gradient in facilitating this transport.
Answer
The proton gradient serves as the driving force for transporting hydroxylamine (HA) in the PIM process. HA reacts with the carbonyl groups of the carrier (TTA) in the membrane, releasing protons. To maintain the chemical equilibrium of this reaction, protons need to be transported from the stripping phase to the feed phase. This proton gradient between the two phases provides the necessary driving force for the transport of HA. The study found that increasing the proton gradient (e.g., by adjusting the pH of the feed phase) enhances the permeability coefficient and extraction efficiency of HA. For instance, when the initial pH of the feed phase was increased from 1.0 to 7.3, the permeability coefficient and extraction efficiency of HA improved significantly.
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