What is the mechanism of action of pyronaridine tetraphosphate against SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses?

Label:chem

Topic
Pyronaridine tetraphosphate was initially developed as an antimalarial drug. It has been repurposed for its antiviral properties, particularly against coronaviruses. The drug is believed to inhibit the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2, which is crucial for viral replication. This protease is highly conserved across coronaviruses, suggesting that pyronaridine could have broad-spectrum activity against multiple coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-1 and MERS-CoV.
Answer
The mechanism of action of pyronaridine tetraphosphate involves inhibiting the papain-like protease (PLpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronaviruses. By targeting this protease, pyronaridine disrupts the viral replication process, leading to reduced viral titers and improved disease outcomes. This inhibition of PLpro is effective across multiple coronaviruses due to the high conservation of this domain, making pyronaridine a promising broad-spectrum antiviral agent. Additionally, pyronaridine exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, further contributing to its therapeutic efficacy in treating coronavirus infections.
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