How does dietary betaine affect hepatic lipid metabolism and associated gene expression in laying hens?

Label:chem

Topic
Betaine, as a methyl donor, has been studied for its role in hepatic lipid metabolism in mammals, but its specific effects and mechanisms in laying hens, particularly concerning triglycerides content, DNA 5-methylcytosine (5mC), and RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation levels of fatty acid metabolic genes, have been unclear.
Answer
Dietary betaine significantly decreases hepatic triglycerides (TGs) content in laying hens. This reduction is associated with the suppression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 (SREBP1), fatty acid synthase (FASN), and stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene expression, and the activation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) gene expression. Furthermore, betaine supplementation leads to higher 5mC methylation levels on FASN and SCD gene promoters, lower 5mC methylation levels on CPT1A gene promoter, and an increased m6A methylation level on the 3' untranslated region of SREBP1 mRNA.
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