What are the challenges associated with traditional methods of amide synthesis?

Label:chem

Topic
The synthesis of amides typically involves carboxylic acids and amines. However, traditional methods often require hazardous and toxic reagents (coupling agents, bases) in stoichiometric quantities and large amounts of solvent to solubilize the reaction medium and purify the synthesized product. These methods can also pose safety and environmental concerns.

From: "Amidation by reactive extrusion for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients teriflunomide and moclobemide", Chem. Commun., 2023,59, 3439-3442
Answer
Traditional amide synthesis methods face challenges such as the use of hazardous reagents, the need for large amounts of solvent, and potential safety and environmental issues. These factors can complicate industrial-scale production and increase costs.
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