A: Different silane coupling agents significantly affect the shear-thinning behavior of Fe3O4/CNT silicone oil-based magnetic liquids. Fe3O4@550, with its strongly polar amino groups, forms a dense coating layer that results in uniformly dispersed particles and strong interactions, leading to a high initial viscosity peak and a significant decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate. Fe3O4@570, with its long methacrylate chains, forms "soft connections" between particles, resulting in a high initial viscosity that decreases rapidly with shear rate. Fe3O4@7030, with its non-polar phenyl groups, forms a loose coating layer and weak particle interactions, leading to a low initial viscosity peak and a gradual decrease in viscosity with increasing shear rate.

A: The magneto-viscous effect of Fe3O4/CNT silicone oil-based magnetic liquids is significantly influenced by the type of silane coupling agent used. Fe3O4@570 exhibited the most significant magneto-viscous effect, with a viscosity variation of 161.4%, due to the long-chain structure of the coupling agent enhancing the steric hindrance of the magnetic particles. In contrast, Fe3O4@7030 showed a lower viscosity variation of 28.2%, attributed to the non-polar phenyl group in 7030, which results in weaker particle interactions and a less pronounced magneto-viscous effect.

A: The molecular structure of silane coupling agents significantly influences the viscosity-temperature properties of Fe3O4/CNT silicone oil-based magnetic liquids. The study found that Fe3O4@7030 exhibited the lowest activation energy (13.56 kJ/mol), attributed to the rigid structure of the benzene ring in 7030, which disrupts the symmetry of the silane chains and reduces the cooperativity of segmental motion. This results in enhanced low-temperature stability. In contrast, Fe3O4@550 and Fe3O4@570, with linear chain structures, showed higher activation energies (14.26 kJ/mol and 13.63 kJ/mol, respectively), indicating poorer viscosity-temperature stability.

A: Silane coupling agents play a crucial role in modifying the rheological properties of Fe3O4/CNT silicone oil-based magnetic liquids by altering the surface energy and interactions of the composite particles. The study found that different silane coupling agents affect the viscosity, magneto-viscous effect, and shear-thinning behavior of the magnetic liquids. Specifically, Fe3O4@7030 exhibited the best visco-thermal performance due to the benzene ring structure reducing the symmetry of the molecular chains, while Fe3O4@570 showed the most significant magneto-viscous effect due to the long-chain structure enhancing the steric hindrance of the magnetic particles.

A: The S-PA hydrogel coating resists protein adsorption due to its electrically neutral surface. This neutrality minimizes the electrostatic interactions between the hydrogel surface and proteins, preventing the formation of conditioning films. The protein adsorption capacity of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on S-PA hydrogel was found to be as low as 5 mg g−1, indicating excellent resistance to protein adsorption.

A: Silane plays a crucial role in enhancing the adhesive properties and mechanical strength of the S-PA hydrogel coatings. It forms covalent bonds with the hydrogel and the substrate, resulting in high adhesive strength (1980 J m−2) and improved bulk toughness. Additionally, silane acts as an orthosilicic acid analogue, disrupting diatom adhesion and contributing to the multi-scale antifouling effect of the hydrogel coatings.

A: Silane treatment effectively modifies the surface morphology of Cordia dichotoma fibers. SEM images show that treated fibers have cleaner and more uneven surfaces compared to untreated fibers, indicating the removal of non-cellulosic components like lignin and hemicellulose. The treatment also reduces fiber diameter, resulting in a denser fiber structure. These modifications enhance fiber durability and mechanical properties. However, excessive silane treatment (2%) can lead to the formation of voids and reduced surface roughness, which may compromise fiber integrity and mechanical strength.

A: Silane treatment enhances the thermal stability of Cordia dichotoma fibers. The decomposition temperature of untreated fibers is 341°C, while silane-treated fibers decompose at 355°C. This increase in thermal stability is attributed to the improved crystallinity and reduced amorphous components (lignin and hemicellulose) in the treated fibers. The treated fibers also exhibit better resistance to thermal degradation, making them suitable for high-temperature composite applications.

A: Silane treatment significantly improves the mechanical properties of Cordia dichotoma fibers. Fibers treated with 1% silane achieved a tensile strength of 105.37 MPa, an elongation of 1.53%, and a modulus of elasticity of 5.14 GPa. These improvements are attributed to the enhanced fiber-matrix bonding and reduced moisture absorption, making CF a more viable reinforcement material for high-performance composites.