How does the surface morphology of additive manufactured 17-4PH stainless steel change after electropolishing with phosphoric acid and perchloric acid?

Label:chem

Topic
The surface of additive manufactured 17-4PH stainless steel is typically rough due to the deposition of spherical particles during the manufacturing process. These particles cause stress concentration and crack initiation, which can reduce the material's fatigue performance. Electropolishing is a method used to improve surface quality by smoothing and leveling the surface.

From: "Effect of phosphoric acid and perchloric acid on Electropolishing of additive manufactured 17-4 PH stainless steel and its characterization",
International Journal of Electrochemical Science, Volume 17, Issue 3, March 2022, 220315
Answer
After electropolishing with phosphoric acid for 5 minutes, the surface morphology of the spherical particles becomes less and smaller, but the surface is not yet flat and smooth. Electropolishing with perchloric acid for 5 minutes results in a flatter and smoother surface. As the electropolishing time increases to 7 and 10 minutes, the surface roughness decreases further, with the surface becoming relatively smooth after 10 minutes of electropolishing with perchloric acid. The surface roughness decreases from 11.69 μm (untreated) to 1.76 μm (10 minutes with perchloric acid).
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