A: The key components used to formulate granisetron-loaded cubosomes (GS-CBS) include glycerol monooleate (GMO) as the lipid phase, Poloxamer 407 (P 407) as the surfactant, and Tween 80 (T 80) as the dispersion stabilizer. These components were optimized using a Box–Behnken statistical design to achieve the desired particle size, surface charge, and entrapment efficiency.

A: The intranasal delivery of granisetron via nanostructured cubosomes enhances the management of chemotherapy-induced emesis by improving drug delivery to the brain through the nose-to-brain pathway. This method bypasses the blood-brain barrier, increases bioavailability, and provides a non-invasive and rapid onset of action compared to traditional oral or injectable forms.